Endless SHIZO. Have a look at the conditions of Alexei Navalny’s solitary confinement
Article
2 June 2023, 14:26

Endless SHIZO. Have a look at the conditions of Alexei Navalny’s solitary confinement

Illustration: Anastasia Krainiuk / Mediazona

SHIZO, the punishment isolation cell, is the most severe form of legal punishment for inmates in Russian prisons. A concrete sack devoid of sunlight and fresh air, it cloaks prisoners in a regime of stringent prohibitions. Multiple stints in solitary confinement are internationally recognized as torture. In Russia, more and more political prisoners find themselves subjected to this treatment.

Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny, currently serving a 9-year sentence in the Vladimir region, has endured the harsh conditions of SHIZO for 180 days as of this story’s publication, with his exact six-month mark approaching on June 6th. In addition, the prison’s administration goes to great lengths to make these already harsh conditions virtually intolerable.

To shed light on this form of torment, Mediazona has compiled a comprehensive guide covering all of Navalny’s SHIZO terms, which will be periodically updated. We’ve also created a simulator that offers readers a vivid insight into Navalny’s SHIZO cell environment. 

Alexei Navalny first experienced the severe conditions of SHIZO, the punishment isolation cell, on August 15, 2022, after having been behind bars for over one and a half years. Following his time in the Moscow detention center, Navalny was transferred to the Vladimir region just outside of Moscow: initially to Penal Colony No. 2 in Pokrov, then in June 2022, his sentencing regime was changed to “strict,” prompting his move to Penal Colony No. 6 in Melekhovo, where he remains incarcerated.

In the period leading up to his first SHIZO term, Navalny announced the launch of a union for inmates and prison guards — a move which instantly invited problems. It quickly became evident that he would face recurring spells in SHIZO, a fate he attributes to his status as being too “politically active for an inmate.” Navalny now endures most of his time under excruciating conditions.

Repeated spells in SHIZO have taken a toll on Navalny’s health: he suffers from exacerbated back pain and deteriorating vision. When he fell ill, the authorities denied him access to doctors and refused to allow delivery of his medication.

The conditions in SHIZO amount to a slow, legally sanctioned torture intended to break a prisoner’s will. Inside, inmates are tormented by extremes of temperature (either too cold or too hot), hunger (subsisting solely on prison rations), and sleep deprivation (lights remain on round the clock and bedding is removed). The prison administration can further intensify these harsh conditions by adding disruptive cellmates.

This reality is not exclusive to Navalny. Other political prisoners are also regularly subjected to this harsh treatment.

To help readers better comprehend the conditions political prisoners endure, Mediazona has created a 3D model of the SHIZO cell where Navalny spends most of his time.

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The law limits a SHIZO term to 15 days, but prison officials skirt this restriction, citing new violations immediately upon an inmate’s release. The most trivial of infractions can serve as a pretext. Instances triggering Navalny’s SHIZO terms include: not placing his hands behind his back, incorrectly introducing himself, uttering a profanity, failing to clear leaves in the yard, citing the European Court of Human Rights’ demand for his release, addressing the guard without using a patronymic, and declining to wash the fence.

Initially transferred from general barracks to more stringent conditions in a locked barrack, Navalny was then moved to a “cell-type confinement” (PKT) in November 2022. Effectively a prison within a prison, the PKT is designated for persistent rule-breakers and serves as a marginally less harsh version of SHIZO for extended periods of up to six months.

Ruslan Vakhapov, a human rights defender and former inmate, describes the PKT as a small, video-monitored room equipped with a toilet and sink, housing between 2 to 6 wall-attached beds, with mattresses surrendered during the day. Unlike SHIZO, inmates in a PKT can receive items from the prison store, packages, letters, and newspapers.

During the rare days Navalny spends outside of SHIZO, he resides in the PKT. Nonetheless, he is repeatedly returned to isolation. Between November 2022 and the end of May 2023, he spent a total of about 80 days in PKT.

1215232829562122459102425293010111617112132526303115162425232223789102510171821226Aug, 2022SepOctNovDecJan, 2023FebMarAprMayJunFirst SHIZO term, for anunbuttoned collar12 AugustThe documentpass-through for lawyerswas blocked8 SeptemberTransfer to PKT, the‘prison within a prison’17 NovemberWinter boots weren’tprovided — Navalnycaught cold21 NovemberIn SHIZO, they put a‘convict with personalhygiene issues’ in his cell12 DecemberIn the next cell, they puta ‘psycho‘ who shouted atnights22 DecemberNavalny complainedabout his worsening backproblems26 DecemberAn open letter fromdoctors demanding helpfor Navalny10 JanuaryMedication was notprovided even after thehead of the prisonhospital visited13 JanuaryA ‘convict with hygieneissues’ placed in SHIZOwith Navalny for the fifthtime30 JanuaryPaper and pen nowavailable for 35 minutes aday, instead of 1.5 hours7 FebruarySame convict placed inhis cell again, now rightafter a medical unit visit27 MarchAn ambulance was calledfor Navalny due to aworsening stomachcondition11 AprilPrison officers forciblydragged Navalny into acell and hit him in thegroin area18 AprilPrison guards destroyfood that Navalny boughtfrom the prison store,right in front of him25 AprilInmates began beingsubjected to Putin’sspeeches played at fullvolume all the time3 MayAnti-Semitic songs replacePutin’s speeches30 MaySHIZOGeneral regimeSUSPKTfrom 17 January 2021to 6 June 2023Navalny spentin prison870 days 180 of them in SHIZO

Visualisation and data: Medizona data department

Simulation: Anastasia Krainiuk, Mediazona data department

Story: Maxim Litavrin with the contribution by Elizaveta Nesterova

Editor: Egor Skovoroda

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